供应链管理课件 第09章学习资料.ppt
Chapter9
PlanningSupplyandDemand
inaSupplyChain:ManagingPredictableVariabilitySupplyChainManagement
(3rdEdition)
9-1
OutlineRespondingtopredictablevariabilityinasupplychainManagingsupplyManagingdemandImplementingsolutionstopredictablevariabilityinpractice2
RespondingtoPredictableVariabilityinaSupplyChainPredictablevariabilityischangeindemandthatcanbeforecastedCancauseincreasedcostsanddecreasedresponsivenessinthesupplychainAfirmcanhandlepredictablevariabilityusingtwobroadapproaches:Managesupplyusingcapacity,inventory,subcontracting,andbacklogsManagedemandusingshort-termpricediscountsandtradepromotions3
ManagingSupplyManagingcapacityTimeflexibilityfromworkforceUseofseasonalworkforceUseofsubcontractingUseofdualfacilities–dedicatedandflexibleDesigningproductflexibilityintoproductionprocessesManaginginventoryUsingcommoncomponentsacrossmultipleproductsBuildinginventoryofhighdemandorpredictabledemandproducts4
Inventory/CapacityTrade-offLevelingcapacityforcesinventorytobuildupinanticipationofseasonalvariationindemandCarryinglowlevelsofinventoryrequirescapacitytovarywithseasonalvariationindemandorenoughcapacitytocoverpeakdemandduringseason5
ManagingDemandPromotionPricingTimingofpromotionandpricingchangesisimportantDemandincreasescanresultfromacombinationofthreefactors:Marketgrowth(increasedsales,increasedmarketsize)Stealingshare(increasedsales,samemarketsize)Forwardbuying(samesales,samemarketsize)6
DemandManagementPricingandaggregateplanningmustbedonejointlyFactorsaffectingdiscounttimingProductmargin:Impactofhighermargin($40insteadof$31)Consumption:Changingfractionofincreasecomingfromforwardbuy(100%increaseinconsumptioninsteadof10%increase)Forwardbuy7
Off-Peak(January)Discount
from$40to$39Cost=$421,915,Revenue=$643,400,Profit=$221,4858
Peak(A