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Available online /content/10/2/R33 Vol 10 No 2 Open Access Research article Systemic TNF blockade does not modulate synovial expression of the pro-inflammatory mediator HMGB1 in rheumatoid arthritis patients – a prospective clinical study 1,2 2 2 3 2 Erik Sundberg , Cecilia Grundtman , Erik af Klint , Johan Lindberg , Sofia Ernestam , Ann- 2 2 1 Kristin Ulfgren , Helena Erlandsson Harris and Ulf Andersson 1Department of Woman and Child Health, Pediatric Rheumatology Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 2Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden 3Department of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Corresponding author: Erik Sundberg, erik.sundberg@ki.se Received: 21 Nov 2007 Revisions requested: 23 Jan 2008 Revisions received: 26 Feb 2008 Accepted: 17 Mar 2008 Published: 17 Mar 2008 Arthritis Research Therapy 2008, 10:R33 (doi:10.1186/ar2387) This article is online at: /content/10/2/R33 © 2008 Sundberg et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Introduction High-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 infliximab therapy. Signs of inflammation were still evident in th