英汉对比：主语与主题.ppt

Chapterthree:

Unitfour(I):

YouareWhatYouThink

*subjectvs.topic(theme)

AnalysisIReadthefollowingsentencesandtheirtranslation.Findthedifferencebetweenthem.ThereareessentialdifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStatesintheirsocialsystemsandforeignpolicies.中美两国的社会制度和对外政策有着本质的区别。Twowidelyusedhouseholdelectricapparatusaretelevisionandrefrigerator.电视机和电冰箱是两种常用的家用电器。

AnalysisIIInotherwords,studentsdonothavetopassatesttobeadmittedtoatwo-yearinstitution.换句话说，进两年制大学学习不用考试。〔originalS.omitted)EuropeaninterestinMBAprogramshadtowaituntilthelate1950s.直到20世纪50年代，欧洲人才开始对MBA产生兴趣。Coursesweredesignedtointegratefunctionalskills,andtoemphasizeinternationalculturalandbusinesslearning.课程的设置旨在将实用技能融会贯穿，注重国际性文化背景和商业知识的学习。

QuestionsWhatisthedifferencebetweentheEnglishandChineseexpressions?Whatdoyouthinkcausesthedifference?Viewpoint,sentenceformingE:Hypotaxis:subject+predicateCh:Parataxis:topic+statementDoesChinesetopicfunctionthesameas Englishsubject?Whatisasubject?

Subjectvs.topic(theme)(1)EnglishSubject(thetraditionalexplanationinlinguistics)Itreferstooneofthenounsinthenominativecase.Shelovesherfather.Grammaticallyspeaking,subjectreferstoanounwhichcanestablishcorrespondencewiththeverbandwhichcanbecheckedbyatag-questiontest.Heisateacher.(Isn’the?XIsn’tateacher)Hewastaughtbytheteacher.(Wasn’the?)

Subjectvs.topic(theme)(2)Semantically,asubjectisthedoeroftheaction.Theboykickedthedog.Thedogiskicked.(dogisthedoee)Thebookssoldwell.(bookisnotthedoer)Psychologically,peopletendtoregardthefirstmajorconstituentofasentenceasthesubject.Themoonisrising.Yesterday,Iwenttothezoo.Canthisbeusedintheanalysis ofChinesesentences?

Subjectvs.topic(theme)(3)Analyzethefollowingsentences北京我没到过。我的法语看报很吃力。他脸色不大好。