2.英汉对比.ppt

Disparity Between English and Chinese 1.Disparity in semantic meaning 2.Disparity in words 3. Disparity in syntax 4. Disparity in thinking way 1.Disparity in semantic meaning Meaning of words are always changing.e.g.bird,老板 水—water, n. v. 光—光泽，光线，光明，赤裸 白眼—white eye, 1.1Complete correspondence(termproper N.) e.g. tuberculosis\pneumonia the Himalayas\the U.S.A foot\head helicopter\airport 1.2 Partial correspondence e.g. marry cousin、sister morning gun She is a cat. (她是一个心地狠毒的女人) 1.3No correspondence( English new words or new meaning) e.g. plumber 管钳工 teenager 青少年 commuter 上班族 1.4 Polysemics(contextual meaning) e.g. wife e.g. The record had been considered soft ever since it was set last May. 自从五月份创造了这个纪录以来， 人们一直以为它是很容易被打破的。 At this stage there is only soft intelligence about enemy intention. We should not shoot him from the hip. 目前，关于敌人的意图还只有不太充分的情报，我们不能卤莽行事。 他手里拿着一本书。 他手里抱着个孩子。 He had a book in his hand. He had a baby in his arms. 她手上戴着一枚钻石戒指。 他手上戴着一块进口表。 She wore a diamand ring on her finger. He wore an imported watch on his wrist. 君子动口不动手。 A gentleman uses his tongue, not his fists. 1.5 Disparity in relation between form and meaning e.g. 休、笔、寒 因形见义 rest、pen、cold arbitrary 2.Disparity in words Synthetic language(综合性语言): inflectional change to show the relation of words (俄语,古英语) Analytic language(分析性语言): word order or auxiliary word to show the relation of words(汉语) 2.1 Disparity in tense D1: 汉语无形态变化,用前置的时态副词(将要,,曾经,已经,正在)、后置的时态语气词（了，来着）、附着的时态助词（着，了，过，起来）来表示时态意义。 Mrs long has been just here， and she told me all about it. 郎太太刚才来过, 她把这事一五一十地全告诉我了。 I was and still am working as an teacher in the school. 我过去是， 现在依然是这所学校的老师。 “What was I talking of?” said she, beginning again when they were all in the street. “我刚才说什么来着？” 等大伙来到了街上，她又说起来了。 2.2 Disparity in measur