comparative studies of vertebrate beta integrin genes and proteins ancient genes in vertebrate evolution比较研究脊椎动物基因和蛋白质β整合素古代在脊椎动物进化的基因.pdf

Biomolecules 2011, 1, 3-31; doi:10.3390/biom10 10003 OPEN ACCESS biomolecules ISSN 2218-273X /journal/biomolecules/ Review Comparative Studies of Vertebrate Beta Integrin Genes and Proteins: Ancient Genes in Vertebrate Evolution Roger S. Holmes 1,* and Ujjwal K. Rout 2 1 School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111QLD, Australia ² Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 38677, USA; E-Mail: urout@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: r.holmes@.au; Tel.: +61-7-3348-2834. Received: 18 July 2011; in revised form: 14 August 2011 / Accepted: 15 August 2011 / Published: 23 August 2011 ________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Intregins are heterodimeric α- and β-subunit containing membrane receptor proteins which serve various cell adhesion roles in tissue repair, hemostasis, immune response, embryogenesis and metastasis. At least 18 α- (ITA or ITGA) and 8 β-integrin subunits (ITB or ITGB) are encoded on mammalian genomes. Comparative ITB amino acid sequences and protein structures and ITB gene locations were examined using data from several vertebrate genome projects. Vertebrate ITB genes usually contained 13– 16 coding exons and encoded protein subunits with ~800 amino acids, whereas vertebrate ITB4 genes contained 36-39 coding exons and encoded larger proteins with ~ 180