synergy in efficacy of fungal entomopathogens and permethrin against west african insecticide-resistant anopheles gambiae mosquitoes协同功效真菌entomopathogens和氯菊酯对西非insecticide-resistant冈比亚疟蚊蚊子.pdf

Synergy in Efficacy of Fungal Entomopathogens and Permethrin against West African Insecticide-Resistant Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes 1 2 3 1 1 Marit Farenhorst *, Bart G. J. Knols , Matthew B. Thomas , Annabel F. V. Howard , Willem Takken , Mark Rowland4, Raphael N’Guessan4,5 1 Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Center, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 3 Department of Entomology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 4 Malaria Center, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, 5 Centre de Recherches ` ´ Entomologiques de Cotonou, Laboratoire Nationale Ministere de la Sante, Cotonou, Benin Abstract Background: Increasing incidences of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors are threatening the sustainable use of contemporary chemical vector control measures. Fungal entomopathogens provide a possible additional tool for the control of insecticide-resistant malaria mosquitoes. This study investigated the compatibility of the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin and two mosquito-pathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, against a laboratory colony and field population of West African insecticide-resistant Anopheles gambiae s.s. mosquitoes. Methodology/Findings: A range of fungus-insecticide combinations was used to test effects of timing and sequence of exposure. Both the laboratory-reared and field-collected mosquitoes were highly resistant to permethrin but sus