y chromosome lineages in men of west african descent男性的y染色体血统西非的后裔.pdf

Y Chromosome Lineages in Men of West African Descent 1. 2. 3 4,5,6 Jada Benn Torres , Menahem B. Doura , Shomarka O. Y. Keita , Rick A. Kittles * 1 Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, 2 Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 3 National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, 4 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 5 Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 6 Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America Abstract The early African experience in the Americas is marked by the transatlantic slave trade from ,1619 to 1850 and the rise of the plantation system. The origins of enslaved Africans were largely dependent on European preferences as well as the availability of potential laborers within Africa. Rice production was a key industry of many colonial South Carolina low country plantations. Accordingly, rice plantations owners within South Carolina often requested enslaved Africans from the so-called ‘‘Grain Coast’’ of western Africa (Senegal to Sierra Leone). Studies on the African origins of the enslaved within other regions of the Americas have been limited. To address the issue of origins of people of African descent within the Americas and understand more about the genetic heterogeneity present within Africa and the African Diaspora, we typed Y chromosome speci