autosomal resequence data reveal late stone age signals of population expansion in sub-saharan african foraging and farming populations常染色体resequence数据揭示石器时代晚期信号在撒哈拉以南非洲的人口扩张觅食和农业人口.pdf

Autosomal Resequence Data Reveal Late Stone Age Signals of Population Expansion in Sub-Saharan African Foraging and Farming Populations 1 2 1 1 3 Murray P. Cox , David A. Morales , August E. Woerner , Jesse Sozanski , Jeffrey D. Wall , Michael F. Hammer1* 1 ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 2 Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 3 Institute for Human Genetics and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America Abstract Background: A major unanswered question in the evolution of Homo sapiens is when anatomically modern human populations began to expand: was demographic growth associated with the invention of particular technologies or behavioral innovations by hunter-gatherers in the Late Pleistocene, or with the acquisition of farming in the Neolithic? Methodology/Principal Findings: We investigate the timing of human population expansion by performing a multilocus analysis of$20 unlinked autosomal noncoding regions, each consisting of ,6 kilobases, resequenced in ,184 individuals from 7 human populations. We test the hypothesis that the autosomal polymorphism data fit a simple two-phase growth model, and when the hypothesis is not rejected, we fit parameters of this model to our data using approximate Bayesian computation. Conclusions/Significance: The data from the three surveyed non-African populations (French Basque, Chinese Han, and Melanesians) are inconsistent with the simple growth model, presumably because they reflect more complex demographic hist