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Anopheles gambiae APL1 Is a Family of Variable LRR Proteins Required for Rel1-Mediated Protection from the Malaria Parasite, Plasmodium berghei 1. 1.¤ 2 2 3 Michelle M. Riehle , Jiannong Xu , Brian P. Lazzaro , Susan M. Rottschaefer , Boubacar Coulibaly , 3 3 4 3 1,5 Madjou Sacko , Oumou Niare , Isabelle Morlais , Sekou F. Traore , Kenneth D. Vernick * 1 Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America, 2 Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America, 3 Malaria Research and Training Center, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali, 4 Laboratoire de Recherche sur le Paludisme, Institut de ´ ´ recherche pour le developpement IRD-OCEAC, Yaounde, Cameroun, 5 Unit of Insect Vector Genetics and Genomics, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, CNRS Unit URA3012: Hosts, Vectors and Infectious Agents, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France Abstract Background: We previously identified by genetic mapping an Anopheles gambiae chromosome region with strong influence over the outcome of malaria parasite infection in nature. Candidate gene studies in the genetic interval, including functional tests using the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei, identified a novel leucine-rich repeat gene, APL1, with functional activity against P. berghei. Principal Findings: Manual reannotation now reveals APL1