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wolbachia stimulates immune gene expression and inhibits plasmodium development in anopheles gambiae沃尔巴克氏体属刺激免疫冈比亚疟蚊的基因表达,抑制疟原虫发展.pdf

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Wolbachia Stimulates Immune Gene Expression and Inhibits Plasmodium Development in Anopheles gambiae 1 2 1 1 Zakaria Kambris , Andrew M. Blagborough , Sofia B. Pinto , Marcus S. C. Blagrove , H. Charles J. 1 2 1 Godfray , Robert E. Sinden , Steven P. Sinkins * 1 University of Oxford, Department of Zoology and Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, United Kingdom, 2 Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom Abstract The over-replicating wMelPop strain of the endosymbiont Wolbachia pipientis has recently been shown to be capable of inducing immune upregulation and inhibition of pathogen transmission in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In order to examine whether comparable effects would be seen in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae, transient somatic infections of wMelPop were created by intrathoracic inoculation. Upregulation of six selected immune genes was observed compared to controls, at least two of which (LRIM1 and TEP1) influence the development of malaria parasites. A stably infected An. gambiae cell line also showed increased expression of malaria-related immune genes. Highly significant reductions in Plasmodium infection intensity were observed in the wMelPop-infected cohort, and using gene knockdown, evidence for the role of TEP1 in this phenotype was obtained. Comparing the levels of upregulation in somatic and stably inherited wMelPop infections in Ae. aegypti revealed that levels of upregulation were lower in the somatic infections than in the stably transinfected line; inhibition of development of Brugia filarial nematodes was
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