语言学导论第八章.ppt

Chapter 8 Language and Society sociolinguistics社会语言学 the study of the relation between language and society Preliminaries: 1.Find out the differences between male and female languages. 2.Try to discover the distinctions between the language of the younger generation and that of the older generation in China. 3.Think of some examples of code-mixing in the speech of Cantonese. (1) relatedness between language and society Language can be used to fulfill social functions. Language can indicate one’s geographical background. Language can indicate one’s social status. speech community言语社区 a group of people who have the opportunity to interact with each other and who share not just a single language with its related varieties but also attitudes toward linguistic norms speech variety any distinguishable form of speech used by a speaker or a group of speakers (2)varieties of language 1) varieties of language related to the user 1. regional dialect a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region e.g.regional varieties of Chinese: Shanghai dialect, Sichuan dialect, Cantonese e.g. regional varieties of English: Br. E: British E., Irish E., New Zealand E., Australian E., South African E. Am. E: American E., Canadian E. (local dialect for people living in Liverpool) e.g. but /but/ Are you going to work /we/ next Monday /mundi/? e.g. (people from Australia) mate mite I come here to die. (I come here today.) 2.sociolect the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular social class Black English in America: Received Pronunciation (RP) in British English: a non-localized particular way of pronouncing standard English, an indicator of a public school education and thus a high social status on the part of the speaker (in Liverpool, when saying goodbye to each other) See you. (used by ordinary people) /t∫au/. (used by people from lower class) a.Language and gender: Decide which of the following is possibly spoken by a