高等数学(电子版).pdf

目 录 一、函数与极限·······························································································································2 1、集合的概念·························································································································2 2、常量与变量·························································································································3 2、函数·····································································································································4 3、函数的简单性态·················································································································4 4、反函数·································································································································5 5、复合函数·····························································································································6 6、初等函数·····························································································································6 7、双曲函数及反双曲函数·····································································································7 8、数列的极限·························································································································8 9、函数的极限·······················································································································10 10、函数极限的运算规则······································································································11 -1- 一、函数与极限 1、集合的概念 一般地我们把研究对象统称为元素，把一些元素组成的总体叫集合（简称集）。集合具有确定性（给 定集合的元素必须是确定的）和互异性（给定集合中的元素是互不相同的）。比如“身材较高的人”不能 构成集合，因为它的元素不是确定的。 我们通常用大字拉丁字母A、B、C、……表示集合，用小写拉丁字母a、b、c……表示集合中的元素。 如果a是集合A中的