直接引语间接-引语2.ppt
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;Grammar;?1.He said: “I’ve left my pen in my
room.”→ ;??She asked Tom if/whether he could
help her.;1. 陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that, 在
口语中可省略。引述动词用said, told,等。
例如:
He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book
in his room. ;2.疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接
词用if或whether,而引述选择疑问句时
只能用whether,引述动词用asked,没
有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me,
him等。 例如:
She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”
→ She asked Tom if /whether he could
help her. ;3. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词,改为陈述语序。例如: ;4.如何变时态:
直接引语 间接引语;如:
1) She said. “I have lost a pen.”
→She said she had lost a pen.
2) She said. “We hope so.”
→She said they hoped so.
3) She said. “He will go to see his friend.”
→She said he would go to see his
friend.;但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。;(1)直接引语是客观真理。
“The earth moves around the sun and
the moon moves around the earth”, the
teacher told me.
→ The teacher told me the earth moves
around the sun and the moon moves
around the earth .;(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时, 时态不变。
Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.;(3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时, 时态保持不变。 ;(4). 若直接引语中含有when, since, while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如:
She said, “I went there when I was six years old.”
→ She said she had gone there when she was six years old. ;(5). 若直接引语的谓语中含有would, should, might, must, used to, ought to, had better等动词时。如:
She said, “We should help each other.”
→ She said we should help each other. ;5.如何变状语:
直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规律,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”例: now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before, today变为that day。
地点状语, 尤其表示方向性的, 或用指示代词修饰的状语, 由“此”改为“彼”;(例: this 改为that), 如:
He said, These books are mine.
→He said those books were his.;指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化: this→ that; these→ those ; now→ then; yesterday→ the day before; today→ that day; tomorrow→ the next day; next week (month, year)→ the next week (month, year); ago→ before; here→ there.; 祈使句的间接引语——采用
“动词+宾语+不定式”结构。
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