stress response pathways in ameloblasts implications for amelogenesis and dental fluorosis压力反应通路对氟斑牙釉质发生和造釉细胞的影响.pdf

Cells 2012, 1, 631-645; doi:10.3390/cells1030631 OPEN ACCESS cells ISSN 2073-4409 /journal/cells Review Stress Response Pathways in Ameloblasts: Implications for Amelogenesis and Dental Fluorosis Megan L. Sierant 1,2 and John D. Bartlett 1,2,* 1 Department of Mineralized Tissue Biology, Forsyth Institute, 245 First Str., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; E-Mail: msierant@ 2 Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: jbartlett@; Tel.: +1-617-892-8388. Received: 24 July 2012; in revised form: 2 August 2012 / Accepted: 20 August 2012 / Published: 30 August 2012 Abstract: Human enamel development of the permanent teeth takes place during childhood and stresses encountered during this period can have lasting effects on the appearance and structural integrity of the enamel. One of the most common examples of this is the development of dental fluorosis after childhood exposure to excess fluoride, an elemental agent used to increase enamel hardness and prevent dental caries. Currently the molecular mechanism responsible for dental fluorosis remains unknown; however, recent work suggests dental fluorosis may be the result of activated stress response pathways in ameloblasts during the development of permanent teeth. Using fluorosis as an example, the role of stress response pathways during enamel maturation is discussed. Keywords: enamel; amelogenesis;