temperament clusters in a normal population implications for health and disease气质集群在正常人群对健康和疾病的影响.pdf

Temperament Clusters in a Normal Population: Implications for Health and Disease 1,2 ¨ 1 17 2 1 Jaana Wessman , Stefan Schonauer , Jouko Miettunen , Hannu Turunen , Pekka Parviainen , ¨ 3, Eliza Congdon4, Susan Service4, Markku Koiranen5, Jesper Ekelund2,6, Jouni K. Seppanen 7 5,8 7,9 10 ˚ 10 Jaana Laitinen , Anja Taanila , Tuija Tammelin , Mirka Hintsanen , Laura Pulkki-Raback , ¨ 10, Jorma Viikari 11, Olli T. Raitakari 12, Matti Joukamaa 13, Marjo- Liisa Keltikangas-Jarvinen ¨ 14, Nelson Freimer4, Leena Peltonen2,15,16{, Juha Veijola 17, Heikki Mannila3, Tiina Paunio2,6* Riitta Jarvelin 1 Helsinki Institute for Information Technology and Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 2 Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland and National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, 3 Helsinki Institute for Information Technology and Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, 4 University of California Los Angeles Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, 5 Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 6 Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, 7 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland, 8 Unit of General Practice