外科试题(完整版)80%+（Surgical examination (full version) 80%+）.doc

外科试题(完整版)80%+（Surgical examination (full version) 80%+） Intestinal obstruction classified as mechanical intestinal obstruction, dynamic intestinal obstruction and intestinal obstruction by blood flow. The blood supply of intestinal obstruction in the intestinal wall has no blood supply disorder were divided into simple and strangulated. 10., anal fissure triad: anal fissure, sentinel hemorrhoids and papillary hypertrophy. The 4 communicating branches between the portal vein and the vena cava system are the gastric fundus and the lower esophageal communicating branch, the lower rectum and the anal canal communicating branches, the communicating branches of the anterior abdominal wall, and the communicating branches of the posterior peritoneum (11. branches). 12.Charcot triad: abdominal pain, chills, high fever and jaundice. Pentalogy of 13.Reynolds: abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, shock and inhibition of the central nervous system. 14. the main treatment of open pneumothorax is to turn open pneumothorax into closed pneumothorax immediately. The reasons for increased intracranial pressure: 15. cranial content increased, intracranial lesions increase intracranial space is relatively small, the congenital malformation of cranial volume becomes small. In 16. depressed fracture of skull fracture, occur in the frontal and parietal bone. 17. simple goiter is divided into nodular goiter and diffuse goiter. 18. acute mastitis etiology: milk deposition and bacterial invasion. 19. breast cystic hyperplasia clinical manifestations: breast swelling and swelling, characterized by some patients with periodicity. 20. breast cancer predilection site outside the upper quadrant, good hair age 45~50 years old. Metastatic pathways: local expansion, lymph node metastasis, and blood metastasis. Early presentation: painless, solitary, small masses in affected breasts. The lump is hard, the surface is not smooth, and the boundary is not clear with the surrounding tissue. It is difficult to