词汇学 第三单元.ppt

第三单元 08级6班 彭延硕 刘万强 屈贝儿 一、缩略法 缩略法 截短词 首字母缩略词 首字母拼音词 拼缀词 专有名词变为一般名词 截短词 Abbreviations Abbreviations of longer words or phrases also may become lexicalized ，that is，words in their own right. Clipping（telephone：phone），blends（smoke+fog=smog），acronymization（aids），and analogical formation（workaholic）all conform to the description of back formation in significant ways. 首字母缩略词 Initialism Another reduction process is the use of initialization in words such as FBI,UCLA,or BYU,where each letter in the word is pronounced. Abbreviations and the use of special symbols Abbreviation is marked most generally by a single period following an initial letter or shortened form of a word，as in Gen.Bradley，U.K.,i.e.,etc.（but some printers ，as in this book，conventionally italicize i.e. and e.g. without periods）. 首字母拼音词 Acronyms Abbreviations are words derived from the initial of several words. 拼缀词 Blends Two words may be combined to produce blends. Blend words Alternatively，a new word may result from the compounding of existing elements in the language. 专有名词变为一般名词 Eponyms Eponyms are words derived from proper names and are another of the many creative ways that the vocabulary of a language expands. 二、逆生法 Back formation(reversion) In all these cases the verb was made from the noun by sebstructing what was mistakenly associated with the English suffix-er. Backformation A particularly interesting case illustrating the “psychological reality” of morphological rules is a phenomenon known as backformation, in which word formation processes are “reversed.” Back-formation For example, peddle was derived from peddler on the mistaken assumption that the er was the agentive seffix. Such words are called back formations. Backformation Backformation is a form of shortening in which the omitted material is or is perceived to be a formative, typically an affix.