名词性从句语.doc

主语从句 定义：在复合句中充当主语成分的句子叫做主语从句。 主语从句主要有三类： (1)由连词that引导的主语从句 引导词that无含义，在句中不做成分，不可以省。 e.g. That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That you are so indifferent bothers me. That she survived the accident is a miracle. (2)由连词whether引导的主语从句 whether有含义(是否)，在句中不做成分，不可以省略。 e.g. Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. (3)用连接代词引导的主语从句(在由连接代词who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引导的名词性从句中，其连接代词在句中起名词性作用，担当一定成分) e.g. What we need is time. What I want to know is this. Whatever you did is right. (主语从句大部分情况看成第三人称单数形式) What we need are good doctors. (主语从句有时可以根据表语来判断单复数问题) Whoever comes is welcome. 翻译：谁将会成为我们的班长仍然还没有确定。 (4)用连接副词when, where, why, how, wherever, whenever引导的名词性从句(其连接副词有含义，在句中作状语) e.g. When they will come hasn’t been made public. 翻译：他们在哪里举办运动会仍然是个问题。 it作形式主语 1. it做形式主语，而将主语从句放在句末(尤其是当谓语较短时) e.g. That light travels in straight lines is known to all. = It is known to all that light travels in straight lines. When the plane is to take off has not been announced. = It has not been announced when the plane is to take off. (当what引导的主语从句表示 “...的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语) e.g. What he wants is a book. ≠ It is a book what he wants. 2. 当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it做形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 e.g. Is it true that Tom will give us a lecture next week? 翻译：他们明天不来要紧吗？ Does it matter that they will not come tomorrow? 3.当主语从句出现在感叹句中时，要以it做形式主语，而把主语从句后置。 How strange it is that the children are so quite! 4.固定用法 a. It be +名词(a pity, a fact, no wonder, common knowledge, a question...)+从句 e.g. It is a pity that we can’t go. b. It be + adj. (obvious, true, necessary, good, clear, strange...) +从句 e.g. It is certain that she will pass the exam. c. It be +过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced...)+从句 e.g. It is said that Tom has arrived in Beijing. It is thought that she is the best player. d. It seems/ happens等不及物动词及短语+that从句 e.g. It seems that Tom isn’t coming to the party. It happened that I was out that day. 注意：(1)常用whether引导主语从句 e.g. Whether