世界古代史基础知识梳理（Comb the basic knowledge of ancient world history）.doc

世界古代史基础知识梳理（Comb the basic knowledge of ancient world history） Comb the basic knowledge of ancient world history First, learning subjects, prehistoric people The first lesson is the formation of human beings and the dawn of civilization I. early humans 1. the origins of mankind (1) myth and legend: man is created by god. (2) scientific proof: people from the Australopithecus evolved. Many scientists believe that life in Africa is the direct ancestor of human australopithecus. 2. human evolution (1) the evolutionary process of mankind Guyuan -- to fully formed (APE) people -- and early Homo sapiens -- to Homo sapiens Down down down About two or three million years ago about 250 thousand years ago and 50 thousand years ago (2) representatives of the late Homo sapiens: Asia, Chinas cave people, Africa, Algerias Alfa, Lu people, Europe, Frances grams of Rome farmers. 3. the role of labor in the transformation from ape to man: labor has played a decisive role in the transition from ape to man. 4. worlds three races (1) modern Homo sapiens came into being when the late Homo sapiens appeared. (2) according to the physical characteristics of human can be divided into three main races: yellow, white and black. (3) the formation of race is mainly influenced by natural environment. Two, from barbarism to civilization 1. clans (1) the initial experience of human society is primitive society, and the basic organization of primitive society is clan. (2) matrilineal clans: The first gens was a matriarchal clan. * features: Family composition - clan members form a large family that work together and live together. Because all people know, his mother did not know his father, in the calculation of maternal blood. Production and life at that time people mainly used simple stone tools as tools of production for collecting plants and catching animals. Social status - women engaged in gathering and domestic work, plays a leading role in clan life and enjoys a higher social status. The Lo