建筑基础知识（Basic knowledge of Architecture）.doc

建筑基础知识（Basic knowledge of Architecture） A, building classification Housing construction from different angles can be classified differently. 1, according to the nature of the use of the buildings. The classification of residential buildings, public buildings, and the buildings, the building of agricultural industry Civil buildings, residential buildings and public buildings are often called civil buildings. 2, according to the building (residential) layer classification The cottage building: 1 layers of the multilayer architecture: 2 ~ 6 The small high-rise buildings: 7 to 9 layers of high-rise buildings, the above 10 layers: 3, according to the classification of building structure Structure: refers to the component comprises a bearing building (foundation, wall, column, beam, floor, roof system etc.). 1, Zhuanmujiegou Description: the main bearing component of this kind of building is made of brick and wood. Among them, the column and vertical bearing members of the brick wall, floor and roof horizontal bearing member made of wood. Features: lower layers, generally below the 3 floor. Urban residential buildings built before 1949, twentieth Century ~ 60s 50 generation built houses and civil simple houses, mostly for the structure. The brick and concrete structure Description: the vertical components of this kind of buildings with brick or tile column, horizontal load bearing adopts the reinforced concrete floor, roof board, including a small number of the wooden frame roof. Features: built in layers 6 layers below, the cost is relatively low, but the seismic performance is poor, the size and height of the Bay and depth are subject to certain restrictions. So, this kind of building is gradually replaced by reinforced concrete structures. The reinforced concrete structure Description: bearing components such as beam, plate, column, wall and roof (shear wall), is composed of steel and concrete materials two. The retaining structures such as walls, partitions etc., is m