英语文体学Chapter3Surface-StructureDeviation.ppt

English Stylistics Chapter 3 Surface- Structure Deviation Surface-Structure Deviation 3.1 Phonological Deviation Features at the phonological level function more by being overregular rather than being deviant, since they belong to the surface-structure of the English language. 3.1 Phonological Deviation 3.1.1 Omission 3.1 Phonological Deviation Aphesis refers to the omission of an initial part of a word. E.g. Thou on whose stream, ’mid the steep sky’s commotion, Loose clouds like earth’s decaying leaves are shed. (P. B. Shelley, Ode to the West Wind) 3.1 Phonological Deviation Syncope refers to the omission of a medial part of a word. E.g. A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard In spring-time from the cuckoo-bird, Breaking the silence of the seas Among the farthest Hebrides. (Wordsworth, The Solitary Reaper) 3.1 Phonological Deviation Apocope refers to the omission of a final part of a word. E.g. Till a’ the seas gang dry, my dear, And the rocks melt wi’ the sun I will love thee still, my dear, While the sands o’ life shall run. (Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose) 3.1 Phonological Deviation The omissions are conventional means for the sake of sound patterns. It makes easier for poets to arrange the rhymes and meters in poems. 3.1 Phonological Deviation The use of mispronunciation and substandard pronunciation may help to vividly describe a character. And substandard language is perceived as more forceful, more direct in expression for standard language is perceived as more civilized, more educated than the substandard one, and sometimes more indirect. 3.1 Phonological Deviation E.g. Dickens, Olive Twist Mr. Bumble porochial → parochial 牧区的 blackin’-bottle → blacking-bottle ’prentice → apprentice