英语文体学知识.ppt

Introduction to English Stylistics In a narrower sense, it is an interdisciplinary subject. It is a study of literary discourse from a linguistic orientation, that is, from a linguistic point of view (literary stylistics). Therefore, it differs from linguistics and literary criticism in that it essentially links these two. Major topics to be discussed:1. What is stylistics? What is stylistics meant to do? What is style? 2. Phonological stylistic markers3. Lexical stylistic markers4. Grammatical stylistic markers5. Norm and deviation6. Varieties of English 7. Practical style A checklist of linguistic description Phonological category: a. elision (omission of sound (s)b. sound patterningc. rhymed. pause e. stressf. lengthg. tempo (the speed of speaking)h. intonationi. onomatopoeia Graphological category:a. punctuationb. capitalizationc. paraphrasing (the way a text is divided into paragraphs)d. italicse. format of printingf. graphic signs (size of shape of letters, tables, pictures, diagrams, drawings etc.) Lexical category: whether the lexis used is a. general or specific b. Anglo-Saxon or Latinate c. simple or hardd. descriptive or evaluative f. formal or informalg. standard or nonstandardh. dynamic or static i. archaic or neologism j. abstract or concrete Syntactic / grammatical category:(how words are ordered and connected into sentences)a. sentence types b. sentence lengthc. clause types (SV, SVA, SVO, SVOA, SVOO, SVOC; finite/nonfinite; )d. normal order of invertede. tense (the prevailing tense)f. voice (active or passive) Semantic category:a. figures of comparison (simile, metaphor, analogy, personification)b. figures of replacement (metonomy, synecdoche, euphemism, overstatement, understatement, etc.)c. figures of repetition d. figures of contrast (antithesis, oxymoron, paradox, climax, anticlimax etc. )e. figures of double meaning (pun, irony) Stylistics is the study of varieties of language whose properties