英语文体学Chapter4Deep-StructureDeviation.ppt

English Stylistics Chapter 4 Deep-Structure Deviation Deep-Structure Deviation Deep structure deviation refers to semantic deviation, which may be defined as “linguistic effects involving something odd in the cognitive meaning of a certain linguistic unit, e.g., a word or a phrase.” (Leech) Deep-Structure Deviation 4.1 Contradiction Contradiction is a type of semantic deviation which conveys self-conflicting information. It can be divided into two types which are termed in rhetoric oxymoron and paradox. 4.1 Contradiction Oxymoron is “the yoking together of two expressions which are incompatible, so that in combination they have no conceivable literal reference to reality.” (Leech) E.g. Cruel kindness White darkness True lies 无事忙 deafening silence a mournful optimist 4.1 Contradiction Example 1 As the wretched creature mumbled and chucked in her hideous merriment, the undertaker turned to go away. (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist) 4.1 Contradiction Example 2 The major again pressed to his blue eyes the tips of the fingers that were disposed on the edge of the wheeled chair with careful carelessness, after the Cleopatra model and Mr. Dombey bowed. (Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son) 4.1 Contradiction Example 3 His honour rooted in dishonour stoodAnd faith unfaithful kept him falsely true. (Alfred Tennyson, Lancelot and Elaine) 他那来源于不名誉的名誉依然如故， 　　 而那并不诚实的诚实保持虚伪的忠诚 4.1 Contradiction Example 4 赠日本女郎 　　最是那一低头的温柔， 　　像一朵水莲花不胜凉风的娇羞， 　　道一声珍重，道一声珍重， 　　那一声珍重里有甜蜜的忧愁—— 　　沙扬娜拉！ （徐志摩《沙扬娜拉十八首》 ） 4.1 Contradiction A paradox is a statement which is absurd because it is self-evidently false. E.g. More haste, less speed. 永远的时尚就是反时尚。 最危险的地方才是最安全的地方。 4.1 Contradiction Example 1 Nurse: His name is Romeo, and a Montague. The only son of yo