control of directed cell migration in vivo by membrane-to-cortex attachment控制体内定向细胞迁移的membrane-to-cortex附件.pdf

Control of Directed Cell Migration In Vivo by Membrane- to-Cortex Attachment ˜ 1,2. 3. 1,2 3 3,4 Alba Diz-Munoz , Michael Krieg *, Martin Bergert , Itziar Ibarlucea-Benitez , Daniel J. Muller , 1,2 5 Ewa Paluch *, Carl-Philipp Heisenberg * 1 Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany, 2 International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland, 3 BIOTEC, ¨ ¨ ¨ Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, Germany, 4 Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland, 5 Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria Abstract Cell shape and motility are primarily controlled by cellular mechanics. The attachment of the plasma membrane to the underlying actomyosin cortex has been proposed to be important for cellular processes involving membrane deformation. However, little is known about the actual function of membrane-to-cortex attachment (MCA) in cell protrusion formation and migration, in particular in the context of the developing embryo. Here, we use a multidisciplinary approach to study MCA in zebrafish mesoderm and endoderm (mesendoderm) germ layer progenitor cells, which migrate using a combination of different protrusion types, namely, lamellipodia, filopodia, and blebs, during zebrafish gastrulation. By interfering with the activity of molecules linking the cortex to