定语从句 专升本.ppt

【专升本 英语 语法基础】 定语从句 By Gordon ? 一、概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，称为定语从句，也叫形容词性从句。 e.g. Lily is a nice girl. Lily is a girl who is nice. ① ② ③ ↓ ↓ ↓ 先行词 关系词 句子 返回 二、相关知识点： 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 （1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?（先行词作主语） He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.（先行词作宾语） （2）whose用来指人或物（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose(of which) cover is green. （3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. （先行词作主语） The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. （先行词作宾语） 2. 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在句中作状语。 （1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+which”的结构，因此常常和“介词+which”的结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? （2） that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year (that/when/in which) he was born. He is unlikely to find the place (that/where/in which) he lived forty years age. 4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句 （1）定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。例如： This is the house which we bought last month. The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. （2）当先行词 被专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如： Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. （3）非限制性定