stochastic processes are key determinants of short-term evolution in influenza a virus随机过程是短期内甲型流感病毒进化的关键决定因素.pdf

Stochastic Processes Are Key Determinants of Short-Term Evolution in Influenza A Virus 1 2 3 3 4 4 4 Martha I. Nelson , Lone Simonsen , Cecile Viboud , Mark A. Miller , Jill Taylor , Kirsten St. George , Sara B. Griesemer , Elodie Ghedi5 5 5 1 1,3 6 , Naomi A. Sengamalay , David J. Spiro , Igor Volkov , Bryan T. Grenfell , David J. Lipman , Jeffery K. Taubenberger7, Edward C. Holmes1,3* 1 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 4 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America, 5 The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America, 6 National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 7 Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of influenza A virus is central to its surveillance and control. While immune- driven antigenic drift is a key determinant of viral evolution across epidemic seasons, the evolutionary processes shaping influenza virus diversity within seasons are