the chemokine and chemokine receptor superfamilies and their molecular evolution趋化因子和趋化因子受体超科及其分子进化.pdf

Review The chemokine and chemokine receptor superfamilies and their molecular evolution Albert Zlotnik*, Osamu Yoshie† and Hisayuki Nomiyama‡ Addresses: *Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc., Department of Molecular Medicine, 12790 El Camino Real, San Diego, CA 92130, USA. †Department of Microbiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan. ‡Department of Biochemistry, Kumamoto University Medical School, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan. Correspondence: Albert Zlotnik. Email: albertzlotnik@ Published: 29 December 2006 Genome Biology 2006, 7:243 (doi:10.1186/gb-2006-7-12-243) The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2006/7/12/243 © 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract The human chemokine superfamily currently includes at least 46 ligands, which bind to 18 functionally signaling G-protein-coupled receptors and two decoy or scavenger receptors. The chemokine ligands probably comprise one of the first completely known molecular superfamilies. The genomic organization of the chemokine ligand genes and a comparison of their sequences between species shows that tandem gene duplication has taken place independently in the mouse and human lineages of some chemokine families. This means that care needs to be taken when extrapolating experimental results on some chemokines from mouse to human. The chemokine superfamily includes a large number of we provide a global view of the chemokine and chemokine ligands that bind to a smaller number of receptors [1,2]. The receptor superfamilies, focusing particularly on the relation- best known function of the chemokines is the regulation of ship between their evolution and their functions. migration of various cell