化学基础知识总结和常用口诀（Summary and common use of chemical basic knowledge）.doc

化学基础知识总结和常用口诀（Summary and common use of chemical basic knowledge） In 2008, I must have the basic knowledge of chemistry in junior high school and the commonly used formula of admission to the online baidu homepage | baidu space | in 2008 The subject competition and the examination question, 2008 primary and secondary school admission; [address: ] [email: kexuejingsai@163.com] Homepage blog album | personal archive | friend To view the article Middle school chemistry basic knowledge summary and common formula The 2008-03-28 17:44 Summary and common use of chemical basic knowledge in junior high school I. material scientific name, common name and chemical formula Diamond, graphite: C, mercury, mercury: Hg (3) lime, calcium oxide: CaO (4) dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) : CO2 (5) hydrochloric acid, hydrochloric acid: HCl (6) sulfuric acid: H2SO3 (7) hydrosulfuric acid: H2S (8) hydrated lime, lime: Ca (OH) 2 (9) caustic soda, caustic soda, caustic soda: NaOH (10) soda: Na2CO3 Sodium bicarbonate (11) sodium bicarbonate and sodium bicarbonate (also known as baking soda) (12) vitriol, alum, copper sulfate crystal: CuSO4 · 5H2O (13) copper green, malachite: Cu2 (OH) 2CO3 (decomposition to produce three kinds of substances) (14) methanol: CH3OH is toxic, blind, dead (15) alcohol, ethanol: C2H5OH (16), acetic acid, acetic acid (16.6 ℃) acetic acid CH3COOH (CH3COO - acetic acid ions) connectivity with acid (17) ammonia: NH3 (alkaline gas) (18) ammonia, hydrate ammonia: NH3 · H2O (for common alkali, with basic connectivity, is a base without metal ion) (19) sodium nitrite: NaNO2 (industrial salt, toxic) The state of the color of common substances 1. White solid: MgO, P2O5, CaO, NaOH, Ca (OH) 2, KClO3, KCl, Na2CO3, NaCl, no water CuSO4; Iron and magnesium silver (mercury is silver and white liquid) 2. Black solid: graphite, carbon powder, iron powder, CuO, MnO2, Fe3O4 and KMnO4 are purple black 3. Red solid: Cu, Fe2O3, HgO, red phosphorus and sulfur: light yellow, Cu2 (OH) 2CO3 i