湘南学院微生物名词解释（The microbiological terms of xiangnan college）.doc

湘南学院微生物名词解释（The microbiological terms of xiangnan college） 1. Microbial: exists in the form of tiny nature, the quantity is various, invisible to the naked eye, must with the aid of optical microscope or electronic microscope amplification hundreds and even thousands of times, low to watch a group of small organisms. 2. Plasmid: the genetic material outside the bacterial chromosome, which has double stranded circular DNA with genetic information and self-replication function. The bacteria can obtain certain traits, such as resistance, virulence, etc. 3. Capsule: some bacteria can secrete mucous substances surrounding the cell wall, forming a transparent circle that is distinct from the bacteria and is not easily colored. Mainly composed of polysaccharides, a few bacteria are peptides. Its main function is anti - phagocytic action, and have antigenicity. Flagellum: a slender, curved protein filaments that protrude from the bacterial membrane of the bacteria and are the motor organs of bacteria, which are found in gram-negative bacteria, vibrio and spirillum. Bacterial hair: it is found on the surface of bacteria. It has a slender, short and straight hair structure which is composed of protein. It can only be observed with an electron microscope. It can be found in gram-negative bacteria. 6. Spores: some bacteria form a round or oval body under certain conditions. It is found in gram-positive bacteria, such as anaerobic blastocyst and anaerobic bacillus. It is the body of the bacteria in adverse environment, strong resistance to the environment. 7. Bacterial l-type: some bacteria may lose part or all of the cell wall in some external environment and antibiotics, and this phenomenon was first discovered by lister, so it is called bacterial L type. Under suitable conditions, most bacteria L type can be returned to the original bacterial type. 8. Bacteriocin: certain bacteria can produce an antibiotic sample that only ACTS on the bacteria in the near relationship, and it