西医综合外科学重点点拨及复习纲要（Key direction and review outline of Western medicine surgery）.doc

西医综合外科学重点点拨及复习纲要（Key direction and review outline of Western medicine surgery） Key direction and review outline of Western medicine surgery Release time: 2007-06-12 browsing times: 66449 Part 1: Part 1 Part 2: key second parts (I) surgical general introduction 1. aseptic technique is a series of preventive measures for microorganisms and infection routes, including sterilization, disinfection, operation rules and management systems. Sterilization is the killing of all living microorganisms. Disinfection refers to the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms and other harmful microorganisms, but does not require the removal or killing of all microorganisms. The commonly used sterilization method including high pressure steam sterilization method, this is the most commonly used surgical sterilization supplies the most reliable method; the boiling sterilization method for metal equipment, glass, rubber goods; the fire, for emergency use of instruments. Disinfection methods include soaking and disinfection of liquid medicine and formaldehyde steam fumigation. The principle of correct aseptic operation (ten points) requires general understanding. See the examination tutorial P509 page. 2., water, electrolyte metabolism and acid-base imbalance. (1). Various types of water (osmotic dehydration, hypertonic dehydration, hypotonic dehydration) and potassium (hypokalemia, hyperkalemia), calcium and magnesium in abnormal pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principle. The (2) the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis is caused by various causes of [HCO3-] reduction in the body. Clinically characterized by deep, rapid breathing, and sometimes with a ketone odor when exhaling. Facial flushing, heart rate increased, pulse speed, CO2 - CP40%, urine acidity. The diagnosis is mainly based on the characteristics of the history and the rapid respiration, the pH value of blood