prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against hepatitis c virus (hcv) developments and future perspectives预防性和治疗性疫苗接种丙型肝炎病毒(hcv)的发展和未来的观点.pdf

Viruses 2009, 1, 144-165; doi:10.3390/v1020144 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Review Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccination against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV): Developments and Future Perspectives Marian E. Major Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics, Food and Drug Administration, Bldg29A/Rm1D10, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; E-mail: marian.major@; Tel.: +1-301-827-1881; Fax: +1-301-496-1810 Received: 3 June 2009; in revised form: 25 July 2009 / Accepted: 11 August 2009 / Published: 12 August 2009 Abstract: Studies in patients and chimpanzees that spontaneously clear Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) have demonstrated that natural immunity to the virus is induced during primary infections and that this immunity can be cross protective. These discoveries led to optimism regarding prophylactic HCV vaccines and a number of studies in the chimpanzee model have been performed, all of which resulted in modified infections after challenge but did not always prevent persistence of the virus. Therapeutic vaccine strategies have also been pursued in an effort to reduce the costs and side effects associated with anti-viral drug treatment. This review summarizes the studies performed thus far in both patients and chimpanzees for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination, assesses the progress made and future perspectives. Keywords: vaccine; immune responses; immunotherapy; T cells; neutralizing antibody 1. Introducti