state of the art in tumor antigen and biomarker discovery最先进的肿瘤抗原和生物标志物的发现.pdf

Cancers 2011, 3, 2554-2596; doi:10.3390/cancers3022554 OPEN ACCESS cancers ISSN 2072-6694 /journal/cancers Review State of the Art in Tumor Antigen and Biomarker Discovery Klervi Even-Desrumeaux, Daniel Baty and Patrick Chames * INSERM U624, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France; E-Mails: klervi.even@inserm.fr (K.E.-D.); daniel.baty@inserm.fr (D.B.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: patrick.chames@inserm.fr; Tel.: +33-4 Fax: +33-4 Received: 6 April 2011; in revised form: 24 May 2011 / Accepted: 27 May 2011 / Published: 9 June 2011 Abstract: Our knowledge of tumor immunology has resulted in multiple approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, a gap between research of new tumors markers and development of immunotherapy has been established and very few markers exist that can be used for treatment. The challenge is now to discover new targets for active and passive immunotherapy. This review aims at describing recent advances in biomarkers and tumor antigen discovery in terms of antigen nature and localization, and is highlighting the most recent approaches used for their discovery including ―omics‖ technology. Keywords: tumor antigen; biomarkers; immunotherapy; cancer; proteomics 1. Introduction Cancer remains the major devastating disease throughout the world. Cancers are responsible for over 6 million deaths per year worldwide with at least 10 million new cases annually. In developing countries, cancer is the