state-of-the-art and applications of 3d imaging sensors in industry, cultural heritage, medicine, and criminal investigation最先进的3 d成像传感器和应用在工业、文化遗产、医学和刑事调查.pdf

Sensors 2009, 9, 568-601; doi:10.3390/ OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Review State-of-The-Art and Applications of 3D Imaging Sensors in Industry, Cultural Heritage, Medicine, and Criminal Investigation Giovanna Sansoni *, Marco Trebeschi and Franco Docchio Laboratory of Optoelectronics, University of Brescia / via Branze 38, Brescia I-25123, Italy; E-Mails: marco.trebeschi@ing.unibs.it; franco.docchio@ing.unibs.it * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: giovanna.sansoni@ing.unibs.it; Tel.: +39-030-3715446; Fax: +39-030-380014 Received: 19 September 2008; in revised form: 22 December 2008 / Accepted: 15 January 2009 / Published: 20 January 2009 Abstract: 3D imaging sensors for the acquisition of three dimensional (3D) shapes have created, in recent years, a considerable degree of interest for a number of applications. The miniaturization and integration of the optical and electronic components used to build them have played a crucial role in the achievement of compactness, robustness and flexibility of the sensors. Today, several 3D sensors are available on the market, even in combination with other sensors in a “sensor fusion” approach. An importance equal to that of physical miniaturization has the portability of the measurements, via suitable interfaces, into software environments designed for their elaboration, e.g., CAD-CAM systems, virtual renders, and rapid prototyping tools. In this paper, following an overview of the state-of-art of 3D imagin