staphylococcus epidermidis pan-genome sequence analysis reveals diversity of skin commensal and hospital infection-associated isolates葡萄球菌epidermidis pan-genome序列分析揭示了皮肤共生体的多样性和医院infection-associated隔离.pdf

Conlan et al. Genome Biology 2012, 13:R64 /content/13/7/R64 RESEARCH Open Access Staphylococcus epidermidis pan-genome sequence analysis reveals diversity of skin commensal and hospital infection-associated isolates 1† 1,2,3† 4 4 4 Sean Conlan , Lilia A Mijares , NISC Comparative Sequencing Program , Jesse Becker , Robert W Blakesley , 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Gerard G Bouffard , Shelise Brooks , Holly Coleman , Jyoti Gupta , Natalie Gurson , Morgan Park , Brian Schmidt , 4 5 6 2 1* Pamela J Thomas , Michael Otto , Heidi H Kong , Patrick R Murray and Julia A Segre Abstract Background: While Staphylococcus epidermidis is commonly isolated from healthy human skin, it is also the most frequent cause of nosocomial infections on indwelling medical devices. Despite its importance, few genome sequences existed and the most frequent hospital-associated lineage, ST2, had not been fully sequenced. Results: We cultivated 71 commensal S. epidermidis isolates from 15 skin sites and compared them with 28 nosocomial isolates from venous catheters and blood cultures. We produced 21 commensal and 9 nosocomial draft genomes, and annotated and compared their gene content, phylogenetic relatedness and biochemical functions. The commensal strains had an open pan-genome with 80% core genes and 20% variable genes. The variable genome was characterized by an overabundance of transposable elements, transcription factors and transporters. Biochemical diversity, as assayed by antibioti