bioinformatic analysis reveals high diversity of bacterial genes for laccase-like enzymes生物信息学分析显示高laccase-like酶的细菌基因的多样性.pdf
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Bioinformatic Analysis Reveals High Diversity of Bacterial
Genes for Laccase-Like Enzymes
1 2,3 2 ¨ 3 1
Luka Ausec , Martha Zakrzewski , Alexander Goesmann , Andreas Schluter , Ines Mandic-Mulec *
1 Department for Food Science and Technology Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2 Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for
Bioinformatics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld Germany, 3 Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Bielefeld University,
Bielefeld, Germany
Abstract
Fungal laccases have been used in various fields ranging from processes in wood and paper industries to environmental
applications. Although a few bacterial laccases have been characterized in recent years, prokaryotes have largely been
neglected as a source of novel enzymes, in part due to the lack of knowledge about the diversity and distribution of
laccases within Bacteria. In this work genes for laccase-like enzymes were searched for in over 2,200 complete and draft
bacterial genomes and four metagenomic datasets, using the custom profile Hidden Markov Models for two- and three-
domain laccases. More than 1,200 putative genes for laccase-like enzymes were retrieved from chromosomes and plasmids
of diverse bacteria. In 76% of the genes, signal peptides were predicted, indicating that these bacterial laccases may be
exported from the cytoplasm, which contrasts with the current belief. Moreover, several examples of putatively horizontally
transferred bacterial laccase genes were described. Many metagenomic sequences encoding fragments of laccase-like
enzymes could not be phylogenetically assigne
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