case-only designs in pharmacoepidemiology a systematic review欢迎在药物设计一个系统的复习.pdf

Case-Only Designs in Pharmacoepidemiology: A Systematic Review 1. 2. 3 ` 4 5 Sandra Nordmann , Lucie Biard , Philippe Ravaud , Marina Esposito-Farese , Florence Tubach * ´ ˆ ´ ´ 1 Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, UMR-S 738; INSERM, UMR-S 738, Paris, France, 2 APHP, Hopital Bichat, Departement d’Epidemiologie et Recherche Clinique, Paris, ˆ ˆ ´ ´ ˆ France, 3 INSERM, UMR-S 738; APHP, Hopital Hotel-Dieu, Centre d’Epidemiologie Clinique; Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France, 4 INSERM, CIE 801; APHP, Hopital ´ ´ ´ ˆ Bichat, Departement d’Epidemiologie et Recherche Clinique, Paris, France, 5 Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite; INSERM, UMR-S 738; INSERM, CIE 801; APHP, Hopital ´ ´ Bichat, Departement d Epidemiologie et Recherche Clinique, Paris, France Abstract Background: Case-only designs have been used since late 1980’s. In these, as opposed to case-control or cohort studies for instance, only cases are required and are self-controlled, eliminating selection biases and confounding related to control subjects, and time-invariant characteristics. The objectives of this systematic review were to analyze how the two main case- only designs – case-crossover (CC) and self-controlled case series (SCCS) – hav