英语听力测试中的语用预设.pdf
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2005 年 《和田师范专科学校学报》(汉文综合版) Jul.2005 第 25 卷第二期 总第 34 期
英语听力测试中的语用预设
陆军 方文礼
(扬州大学外国语学院 中国扬州 225009 )
[摘 要] 预设和蕴涵作为语用学的一组基本概念,透视了日常交 理解。若认为例句2a包含命题p、例句2b包含命题为q、用
流中广为存在的言外之意的现象。语用预设具有一些基本特征、类型。英语 来表示预设关系,则表达式2c表示了以上预设关系。预设具有
听力训练作为一种特殊的交际形式具有丰富的预设现象,同时听力试题的设 自身的系列特征:
2.1 预设具有否定条件恒定性。例2.
计孕育了一些特殊的预设现象。分析选项的预设关系对诱导听力教学,提高
W: John, what are you doing on your computer? Don’t
英语听力测试的信度和效度具有积极的意义。
[关键词] 语用预设;蕴涵;听力测试 you remember your promise?
M: This is not a game. It’s only a cross-word puzzle
Abstract: Presupposition and entailment, a pair of
that helps increase my vocabulary.
basic concepts in the study of pragmatics, serves to Q: What’s the probable relationship between two
highlight the linguistic phenomenon: more is communicated speakers?(同上,第2题。)
than is said. Pragmatic presupposition has its unique
对例句的信息作如下分析:
characteristics, and can have a series of representations.
2a. You remember your promise
The setting-up of dialogues in English listening test
2b. You have made a promise.
produces, in addition to the general suppositions, some
2c. pq
particular supposition relations among the given choices
and between the choices and dialogue. The study of these 有趣的是,命题 p 的否命题(=NOT p)仍然具有相同的预
special suppositions will promote active learning process 设关系。也就是说,2a的否命题3a(=NOT p)同样可以预设命
and the improvement in
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