2019年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译实务试题真题及答案.docx

2019年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）英语二级笔译实务试题真题及答案

[问答题]1.Passage1

In2009,Timemagazinehailedanonlinemathprogram（江南博哥）pilotedatthreeNewYorkCitypublicschools,asoneoftheyear’s50bestinnovations.Eachday,thesoftwaregeneratedindividualizedmath“playlists”forstudentswhothenchosethe“modality”inwhichtheywishedtolearn—software,avirtualteacheroraflesh-and-bloodone.Adifferentalgorithmsortedteachers’specialtiesandschedulestomatchastudent’sneeds.“Itgeneratesthelessons,thetestsanditgradesthetests,”oneveteraninstructormarveled.

Althoughtheprogrammadeonlymodestimprovementsinstudents’mathscoresandwasadoptedbyonlyahandfulofNewYorkschools(notthe50forwhichitwasslated),itservesasanotableexampleofapatternthatAndreaGaborchartsin“AftertheEducationWars.”Formorethanthreedecades,anunlikelycoalitionofcorporatephilanthropists,educationaltechnologyentrepreneursandpubliceducationbureaucratshasspearheadedabrandofschoolreformcharacterizedbytheovervaluingoftechnologyandstandardizedtestingandadevaluingofteachersandcommunities.Thetrendcanbetracedbacktoahyperbolic1983report,“ANationatRisk,”issuedbyPresidentRonaldReagan’sNationalCommissiononExcellenceinEducation.AgainstthebackdropofanascendantJapaneseeconomyandconsistentwithPresidentReagan’sdisdainforpubliceducation(andteachers’unions),“ANationatRisk”blamedAmerica’sineffectualschoolsfora“risingtideofmediocrity”thatwasdiminishingAmerica’sglobalroleinanewhigh-techworld.

Policymakersturnedtheirfocustopubliceducationasamatterofnationalsecurity,onetooimportant(andpotentiallytooprofitable)toentrusttoeducators.Thenotionthattop-downdecisionsbypoliticians,notteachers,shoulddeterminewhatchildrenneedwasathreadrunningthroughthebipartisan2001NoChildLeftBehindAct,theObamaadministration’sRacetoth