溃疡性结肠炎的诊断与治疗.ppt

临床症状常见:腹痛、发热(38?C)、腹泻、血便、 消瘦。肠外表现:关节炎、口腔溃疡、强直性脊柱 炎（HLA-B27）、微型硬化性胆 管炎。内镜检查及X线检查内镜检查表现:中毒性巨结肠是内镜绝对 禁忌症钡剂灌肠:铅管征、毛刺样改变、粘膜颗 粒粗糙Endoscopicfeaturesofactiveulcerativecolitis

Figure4-1.Endoscopicfeaturesofactiveulcerativecolitis.Findingsincludediffuselyerythematous,edematous,andgranularmucosawithareasofsubmucosalhemorrhageand,whensevere,frankmucopurulentexudate.Inflammationinvariablybeginsintherectumandextendsproximallyforvaryingextents.Thechronicityoftheprocessissuggestedbythelossofcolonichaustrations;otherwise,theendoscopicpictureisnonspecificandcouldbeconsistentwithacuteinfectiouscolitis,chroniculcerativeorCrohn`scolitis,oranynumberofotherspecificcausesofcolitis.A,Milddistalulcerativecolitiswithdiffuseerythemaandfriabilitywelldemarcatedfromthenormalmucosamoreproximallyisdepicted.B,Thisexampleshowsmoderatelysevereulcerativecolitiswithirregular,inflamed,ulceratedmucosaandapatchyexudate.Ulcerativecolitisinremission

Figure4-2.Ulcerativecolitisinremission.Thenormalvascularpatternisabsentandawhitescarindicatesthesiteofapreviousulcer.

Severeulcerativecolitis

Figure4-3.Severeulcerativecolitis.Themucosashowsextensiveulcerationanddiffusethickeningwithaninflammatoryinfiltrate.IncontrasttoCrohn`scolitis,theulcerationlacksdepth.

Chroniculcerativecolitis

Figure4-5.Chroniculcerativecolitis.Inlong-standingulcerativecolitis,themucosahasanatrophicandscarredappearancewithabluntedvascularpattern.Pseudopolypsareoftenpresent.

Severeulcerativecolitiswithpseudopolyps

Figure4-4.Severeulcerativecolitiswithpseudopolyps.Inadditiontoseveremucosalulcerationandinflammation,chroniculcerativecolitisisoftenassociatedwiththeformationofpseudopolyps,whichrepresentislandsofregeneratingmucosaandexuberantinflammationamidstdiffusemucosaldes