英语词汇学教程（第四版）课件：Vocabulary Development.pptx

2VocabularyDevelopment

2.1TheIndo-European LanguageFamilyWorldlanguages:3000-5000Languagefamilies:300Languagesusedin:EuropeMiddleEastFarEast

2.1TheIndo-European LanguageFamilyEasternSet:Balto-Slavic(7):Prussian,Lithuanian,Polish, Czech,Bulgarian,Slovenian,RussianIndo-Iranian(4):Persian,Bengali,Hindi, RomanyArmenian(1):ArmenianAlbanian(1):Albanian欧洲西亚中东

2.1TheIndo-European LanguageFamilyWesternset:Hellenic(1):GreekCeltic(4):Scottish,Irish,Welsh,BretonItalic(Latin)(5):Portuguese,Spanish, French,Italian,Romanian(Ramance)Germanic(8):Danish,Swedish,Norwegian, Icelandic(Scandinavian);German, Dutch,Flemish,English欧洲

2.1TheIndo-European LanguageFamilyAlltheselanguageshavesomeinfluenceonEnglishtoagreaterorlesserextent.

AHistoricalOverview

2.2AHistoricalOverviewCelts(natives)Romans(55-54BC)Anglo-Saxons(410:Angles,Saxons,Jutes)=(Germanictribes)

2.2AHistoricalOverviewOldEnglish(450-1150)Twoevents:1. Latin-speakingRomanmissionaries headedbySt.Augustinecameto spreadChristianityinBritainatthe endofthe6thcentury.Wordsborrowed:abbot,candle,altar, amen,apostle

2.2AHistoricalOverview2. InvasionbyNorwegianandDanish Vikingsinthe9thcenturyWordsfromScandinavian:father,husband,house,life,man,mother900wordsborrowedManyarestillincommonusetoday

2.2AHistoricalOverviewCharacteristics:1.Smallvocabulary(50,000—60,000);2.Smallnumberofborrowings(from LatinandScandinavian);3.Vocabularyfullofendings.

2.2AHistoricalOverviewMiddleEnglish(1150-1500)1066:NormanConquestacontinualflowofNormanFrenchwordsintoEnglishThreelanguagesexistingsidebyside:Latin(inthechurch)French(ingovernment,school,lawcourt)English(bynativepeople)

2.2AHistoricalOverview1250—1500:9,000wordsfromFrench75%stillinusetodaystate,power,prince,judge,court,crime,angel,mercy,