英汉翻译理论与技巧之词汇翻译.pptx

英汉翻译理论与技巧

之词汇翻译

Thefactisthatwhilewithoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.(Wilkins1972:11)翻译的基本单位不是词语这一层面，但是，透彻理解原文词语的含义并用准确的译文词语表达出来则是翻译的核心工作之一。12

G.Leech’sseventypesofmeaninginSemantics:conceptualmeaningconnotativemeaningsocialmeaningaffectivemeaningreflectedmeaningcollocativemeaningthematicmeaning

Newmark:Thechiefdifficultiesintranslationarelexical,notgrammatical,thatis,words,collocationandfixedphrasesoridioms;theseincludeneologismsand“unfindable”words.Difficultieswithwordsareoftwokinds:a.youdonotunderstandthem;b.youfindthemhardtotranslate.0102

DictionDictionmeanstheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Eachwordwhenusedinanewcontextisanewword.Wordsdonothavemeanings;peoplehavemeaningsforthem.010302

Word-for-wordCorrespondence

Marxism=马克思主义01Aspirin=阿司匹林02H-beam=工字梁03o-ring=环形圈04steel=槽钢05belt=三角皮带06brace=交叉支撑07curve=叉形曲线08

WordswithoutEquivalentsTeenager01Clock-watcher02Athrowawaysociety03

Determinewhetherthemeaningiscommendatory,neutralorderogatoryIamveryreluctanttogiveupanambitionwhichIhavecherishedforovertwentyyears.ThedomineeringambitionofHitler’sGermanywasnotsatisfied.

Helikesmathematicsmorethanphysics.他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词）Hedoesnotlooklikehisbrother.他看起来不像他兄弟。（介词）Likeknowslike.英雄识英雄。（名词）Wewillneverseehislikeagain.我们再也见不到他那样的人了。（名词）Likechargesrepel;unlikechargesattract.相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。（形容词）Theteachercannotcitealikeinstance.老师一时举不出类似的例子。（形容词）

3．JudgingfromtheCollocation“…whoisagoodChristian,agoodparent,agoodchild,agoodwifeoragoodhusband…”--VanityFair慈爱的父母alovingparent贤良的妻子avirtuouswife虔诚的教徒afaithfulChristian孝顺的儿女aobedientchild尽职的丈夫adutifulhusband123456

JudgingfromtheCollocationdelicateskinicateporcelainicateupb