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[演示课件]高中化学—极性分子与非极性分子.ppt

发布:2017-04-01约6.24千字共19页下载文档
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极性分子和非极性分子 甘肃肃州中学 刘桂香 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 在单质分子中,同种原子形成共价键,两个原子吸引电子的能力 相同,共用电子对不偏向任何一个原子,因此成键的原子都不显 电性。这样的共价键叫做非极性共价键,简称非极性键。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 在化合物分子中,不同种原子形成 的共价键,由于不同原子吸引 电子的能力不同,共用电子对必然偏向吸引电子能力强的原子一 方,因而吸引电子能力较强的原子一方相对地显负电性,吸引电 子能力较弱的原子一方相对地显正电性。这样的共价键叫做极性 共价键,简称极性键。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 共价键的分类 极性键 非极性键 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 极性键的判断方法 由不同元素的原子形成的共价键一般是极性键,如HCl、CO2 CCl4、SO42-、OH-等都含有极性键。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 非极性键的判断方法 由相同元素的原子形成的共价键是非极性键。如单质分子(Xn, n1,如H2、Cl2、O3、P4等)和某些共价化合物(如乙醇、乙烯等) 某些离子化合物(如Na2O2等)含有非极性键。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 极性分子:分子中正负电荷中心不重合,从整个分子来看,电荷的分布是不均匀的,不对称的,这样的分子为极性分子。 非极性分子:分子中正负电荷中心重合,从整个分子来看,电荷的分布是均匀的,对称的,这样的分子为极性分子。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0
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