第3讲英汉词汇现象的对比讲述.ppt
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例:wear; fuel up on 1. He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool. 他戴黑眼镜,穿厚毛衣,耳朵里塞满了棉花。 2. Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer. 一些美国人越过国境线,只是为了吃点可口的墨西哥食物,喝点墨西哥啤酒。 练习:enjoy 1. enjoy free medical care 2. enjoy advantages 3. enjoy national protection 4. enjoy mass support 5. enjoy prosperity 6. enjoy a special place 7. enjoy a double-digit percentage growth 8. enjoy a revival 译文 1、享受公费治疗 2、具备优越条件 3、受到国家保护 4、赢得/获得/得到大众支持 5、处于繁荣时期 6、占有一个特殊地位 7、以两位数的百分比增长 8、重振雄风 练习:P.34 soft 练习:develop 1. As young John grew into manhood, he developed tuberculosis. 年轻的约翰长大成人时患上了结核病。 2. By the 13th century, printing had developed further. 到公元13世纪,印刷术已有了进一步的发展。 练习:develop 3. We must develop all the natural substances in our country which can make us rich. 我们必须开发我们国家中可以让我们过上富足生活的一切自然资源。 4. As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, the one that was to become world famous. 早在他演第二部电影时,卓别林就已形成了他自己的表演风格,这就是他后来闻名于世的那种表演风格。 练习:develop 5. In less than ten years, it develops from a seed into a full-grown tree. 不到十年,它从一粒种子长成一棵枝叶繁茂的大树。 6. Our holiday photos haven’t been developed yet. 我们假日拍的照片还没有冲印出来。 练习:develop 7. His plane developed engine trouble only seven miles after take-off. 他的飞机在起飞后只行了七英里就发生了机械故障。 8. Most of the money came from selling the secret of a new type of potato he had developed. 大部分钱是靠他出售培育土豆新品种的秘方得来的。 小结 词语的使用和选择必须依赖一定的语境(context),词语的意义因语境而产生。一个词语在具体语言环境中的出现要受到搭配或者选择性约束(collocational or selectional restrictions),所以在翻译过程中选择词语时,一定要考虑搭配约束,根据具体语境来选择最佳词义。 三、词序方面(定语、状语的位置对比) 1、中英文定语的前后位置对比 2、中英文时间、地点状语的排列对比 定语的位置——单词作定语 a research-oriented hospital (前置) 一所以搞科研为重点的医院 (前置) governmental agencies (前置) 政府机构(前置) a weather-beaten face (前置) 一张饱经风霜的脸(前置) 定语的位置——短语作定语 something important (后置) 重要的事情(前置) a candidate with little chance of success (后置) 一个当选希望极小的候选人 (前置) a girl with sweet smile (后置) 一个笑容甜美的女孩(前置) a country of liberty and democracy(后置) 一个充满自由和民主的国度 (前置) 定
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