宏观经济学英文版第三章.ppt

The Composition of GDP 中国GDP的需求构成，2003年 日本和美国的消费对比，1960-1999 The Composition of GDP Consumption (C) refers to the goods and services purchased by consumers. Investment (I), sometimes called fixed investment, is the purchase of capital goods. It is the sum of nonresidential investment and residential investment. Government Spending (G) refers to the purchases of goods and services by the federal, state, and local governments. It does not include government transfers, nor interest payments on the government debt. The Composition of GDP Imports (IM) are the purchases of foreign goods and services by consumers, business firms, and the U.S. government. Exports (X) are the purchases of U.S. goods and services by foreigners. The Composition of GDP Net exports（净出口） (X ? IM) is the difference between exports and imports, also called the trade balance（贸易 平衡）. Inventory investment （存货投资） is the difference between production and sales.In any given year, production and sales need not be equal. The relation between production,sales ,and inventory investment. production—sales=inventory investment Production =sales+inventory investment Inventory investmentsales=production-sales 2007年世界GDP排名 1 美国 139800? 2 日本 52900? 3 德国 32800? 4 中国 30100? 5 英国 25700? 6 法国 25200 7 意大利 20900? 8 西班牙 14100? 9 加拿大 13600? 10 俄罗斯 11400? 11 韩国 9920? 12 巴西 9340? 13 印度 9280? 14 墨西哥 8850 15 荷兰 7560? 16 澳大利亚 7460? 17 比利时 4470 18 瑞典 4470? 19 瑞士 4310? 20 中国台湾 3980? 2.3.4 一些宏观经济总量（6） 2007人均GDP排名 Rank Country GDP (USD) 1 Luxembourg 102284 2 Norway 79154 3 Qatar 70754 4 Iceland 62976 5 Ireland 58883 6 Denmark 57035 7 Switzerland 56711 8 Sweden 47069 9 United States 45594 10 Netherlands 45429 11 United Kingdom 45301 104 China 2460 177 Liberia