牛津高中英语模块5 Unit3 Grammar and usage.doc

Grammar and usage Teaching objects: Learn the usage of verb-ed form and verb-ed phrases Learn the difference and usage of verb-ing and verb-ed as adjectives Teaching procedures: Step I Introduction Verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence serving as(充当) attribute(定语), predicative(表语) and object complement(宾语补足语) When the verb-ed form is used as an attribute, it can be changed into an attributive clause. The verb-ed form can also be used as an adverb modifying(修饰) some verbs such as stand, sit, lie … etc. to show the two actions happening at the same time. Please identify the parts of speech(词性) of the verb-ed form in different sentences 1) The handwritten notes are from jack. 2) The kidnappers were using a stolen car. 3) A dark-haired man went into the room. 4)The cake was left untouched on the table. 5) The girl lay trapped under the wreckage(船舶残骸). Step II the usage of verb-ed form The functions of verb-ed form 1. attribute(定语) 1)A single verb-ed can appear before a noun modifying the noun like an adjective. It can be changed into an attributive clause. We should drink boiled water. = We should drink water which has been boiled They took the injured woman to the nearby hospital at once. = They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once. 2) Generally speaking(一般说来), the verb-ed form of transitive verbs(及物动词) expresses passive meanings while the verb-ed form of intransitive verbs(不及物动词) expresses active and past meanings. Some verb-eds before nouns can express past meanings, such as escaped, retired and fallen. the escaped criminal　逃犯 past the developed countries　发达国家 past a widely used language passive the retired scientist past the highly praised scientist passive fallen leaves 落叶 past the risen sun　升起的太阳 past the exploited classes 被剥削阶级 passive 3) A verb-ed phrase can appear after a noun to modify the noun like an attributive clause does. The name men