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Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar 动名词作定语,状语.doc

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Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar 动名词作定语,状语 一、动名词作定语 动名词作定语时,在句子中通常有两个位置:如果是单个的动名词作定语,常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语;如果是动名词短语作定语,则放在被修饰名词的后面,作后置定语。 1.动名词作定语,说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。 He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。 They set up an operating table. 他们搭起一个手术台。 2.动名词作定语,表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系,并且表示动作正在进行。 There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。 Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁? 3.有些动名词已经转化成了形容词,常用作定语修饰物,表示“令人……”:exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。 That must be a terrifying experience. 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。 The experiment was an amazing success. 那实验是一个惊人的成功。 注意:如果动名词与被修饰词之间是被动关系,就要用它的被动式being done,通常表示正在被做,常作后置定语。 The tall building being built now is our new school. 正在被修建的那建筑是我们的新学校。 That question being discussed was presented by the headmaster. 正在被讨论的那个问题是校长提出来的。 二、动名词作状语 动名词或动名词短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子,表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。动名词作状语,其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。动名词作状语时,可以单独使用,也可以在其前加上when,while,after,if,unless,although,though等连词。 1. 作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息,她感到害怕。 While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. 当她看书的时候,不时地点头。 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster,reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 3. 作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. 他站在窗前,望着来来往往的人们。 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。 5. 作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作,每天做三双鞋。 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚,想通过考试。 注意: 当动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时,应该使用完成式:having done. Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. 当动名词与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时,应该使用被动式:being done. Being helped by the teacher, she wil
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