动名词做状语.doc
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二连浩特市第一中学 高中部 高二年级上学期 英语导学案
编号: 3 制作人: 马晓燕 备课组长: 马占军 审核领导: 谷晓娟 时间: 2013. 11 班级: 小组: 姓名及编号: 教师评价:
Failure is the mother of success. - · 失败乃成功之母。
必修四unit4动名词做状语
【Teaching aim 】:learn v.-ing forms used as adverbial
【Teaching important point】: learn v.-ing forms as adverbial
【Teaching difficult point】 : how to use v.-ing forms as adverbial
【自学导引】
动名词的形式
主动形式 被动形式
一般式: doing being done
完成式: having done having been done
二、功能及用法(做状语) -ing分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1.-ing分词短语作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句,有时可由连词when, while引出。如:1).While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他一边看书,一边不时地点头。2).Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood. 看到那些画,他想起了她的童年。2.-ing分词短语作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。如:1).Not knowing his address, I can’t send this book to him.
因为不知道他的地址,我不能把这本书送给他。
2).Being poor, he didn’t go to school until eight .因为家里穷,他直到八岁才上学。3).Many of us, being so excited,?couldn’t go to sleep that night.
因为非常激动,那晚我们许多人都没睡着。3.-ing分词短语作结果状语。如:1).His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了,留给他许多钱。2).She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气,把玩具扔在地上,把它摔成了碎片。4.-ing分词作伴随状语,可以放在句子的前面、后面或中间,表示主语的另一个、较次要的动作。如:1).They stood there for half an hour, watching the stars in the sky.
他们在那儿站了半小时,观察着天上的星星。2).Following the old man, the young people started walking slowly.年轻人跟在老人的后面开始慢慢地走起来。 5.-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语,相当于一个状语从句。如:Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
尽管知道了一切情况,他们还是要我赔偿损失。注: -ing分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语就是整个句子的主语。6. “with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语,表示伴随情况或时间、原因等。如:1).His hair became grey with the years passing. 随着时间的推移,他的头发变花白了。2).Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 没人注意,他从窗户溜了出去。
注意:
1.-ing形式的完成式作状语时,表明其与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾或者主谓关系,且先于谓语动词发生。如:
1).Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。
2).Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
因为没有努力学习功
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