IT项目管理时间管理(第六章).ppt

* Using the Critical Path to Shorten a Project Schedule Three main techniques for shortening schedules: Shortening the duration of critical activities or tasks by adding more resources or changing their scope. Crashing activities by obtaining the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost. Fast tracking activities by doing them in parallel or overlapping them. Crashing and fast tracking often cause more problems, resulting in longer schedules. * Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) PERT is a network analysis technique used to estimate project duration when there is a high degree of uncertainty about the individual activity duration estimates. PERT uses probabilistic time estimates: Duration estimates based on using optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic estimates of activity durations, or a three-point estimate. PERT weighted average = optimistic time + 4X most likely time + pessimistic time 6 Chapter 6:Project Time Management Importance of Project Schedules Planning Schedule Management Defining Activities Sequencing Activity Estimating Activity Resource Estimating Activity Duration Developing the Schedule Controlling the Schedule Using Software to Assist in Time Management * Controlling the Schedule Goals are to know the status of the schedule, influence factors that cause schedule changes, determine that the schedule has changed, and manage changes when they occur. Tools and techniques include: Progress reports A schedule change control system A scheduling tool and/or project management software, such as Project 2007 or similar software Schedule comparison bar charts, such as the Tracking Gantt chart Variance analysis, such as analyzing float or slack What-if scenario analysis, which can be done manually or with the aid of software Adjusting leads and lags Schedule compression, such as crashing and fast-tracking Performance measurement, such as earned value Resource leveling * Reality Checks on Scheduling Rev