初中英语简单句基本句型.doc
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初中英语简单句的基本句型句子的种类
根据结构划分:
① 简单句:(5种基本句型)
主+谓
主+谓+宾
主+系+ 主+谓+双宾(间宾+直宾)
主+谓+宾+宾补
②并列句 and, but, or
③复合句:名词从句(宾,主,表,同)
副词从句(状语从句)
形容词从句(定语从句)
(二) 根据功能划分:陈述句, 祈使句, 感叹句,疑问句(一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句等)
【句型一】
主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语。
His father cooks.
The children are listening quietly.
He runs fast in the street.
The meeting begins at nine.
They worked day and night. I lived in Beijing five years ago.
【句型二】
主语 + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语
必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者 He didn’t like the film.
She often helps him.
I have already finished reading the book.
They decided to go hiking.
He thought about the problem for a few moments. Who knows the answer?
【句型三】主 + 系 + 表连系动词主要是起到连系主语和表语的作用。可分四类:1. 表 “是 ” 如 be “是”(am, is, are, was, were)
2.感官动词 如:look看起来 feel感,sound听起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来
3. 五变 如:get变得, turn变得, grow变得,go变得, become成为
4. 表 “保持” 如:keep保持, stay保持 作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等 Your watch looks very nice.
The mooncake tastes very delicious.
The days get shorter an shorter.
In spring, the trees turn green.
This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner smells good.
He is growing tall and strong.
【句型四】
主+谓+双宾(间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人 (间接宾语);
一个指物 (直接宾语)
eg:give / pass / bring/ take / show/ buysth.
Give me a cup of tea please.
Pass our English teacher the book.
Bring it to me, please.
Show this house to Mr. Smith.
She ordered herself a new dress.
He brought you a dictionary.
Please give me a few apples.
I’ll show you my photos.
【句型五】
主语 ++ 宾语 + 宾语补足语只跟一个宾语不能表达完整的意思,必须加成分来补宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后补充说明宾语。可以用作宾语补足语的有:
名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。The war made him a soldier. (名词)
New methods make the job easy .(形容词)
I often find him at work . (介词短语)
The teacher ask the students to close the windows. (不定式)
I saw a cat running across the road. (现在分词)
Our teacher
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