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Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies to Pandemic 2009 H1N1 and Recent Seasonal H1N1 Influenza A Strains Influenced by a Mutation in Hemagglutinin Subunit 2 1 2 1 1 3 1 Wei Wang , Christine M. Anderson , Christopher J. De Feo , Min Zhuang , Hong Yang , Russell Vassell , 4 4 2 1 Hang Xie , Zhiping Ye , Dorothy Scott , Carol D. Weiss * 1 Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 2 Division of Hematology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, 4 Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America Abstract Pandemic 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus (2009 H1N1) differs from H1N1 strains that circulated in the past 50 years, but resembles the A/New Jersey/1976 H1N1 strain used in the 1976 swine influenza vaccine. We investigated whether sera from persons immunized with the 1976 swine influenza or recent seasonal influenza vaccines, or both, neutralize 2009 H1N1. Using retroviral pseudovirions bearing hemagglutinins on their surface (HA-pseudotypes), we found that 77% of the sera collected in 1976 after immunization with the A/New Jersey/1976 H1N1 swine influenza vaccine neutralized 2009 H1N1. Forty five percent also neutra